tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64633939470826747652024-02-06T21:43:47.380-08:00FilipinoOfficial Blogsite of Filipino areaFilipinohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02513245151856087992noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6463393947082674765.post-21609969278989531972010-06-10T21:56:00.000-07:002010-06-10T23:04:09.995-07:00Gabay sa Ortograpiyang Filipino<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Calibri;color:#04617B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; font-size: large;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b></b></p><b><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Gabay sa Ortograpiyang Filipino</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt"></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b></b></span></p><b><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: justify; display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Dr. Jovy M. Peregrino</span></p></b></b></span><b><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Direktor</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Sentro ng Wikang Filipino</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Unibersidad ng Pilipinas</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Diliman, Lungsod Quezon</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">RASYONAL</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; "></p><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Bahagi ng pagpapaunlad sa wika ang kodipikasyon nito.</p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mahalaga ang estandardisasyon sa usaping teknikal at edukasyong pangwika.</p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Pagsunod sa pagbabago ng panahon at kahingian sa pagbabago ng wika.</p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Pagbawas sa kalituhan ng mga gumagamit ng wika.</p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Sa pagbabagong ito, naipakikita ang tamang paggamit ng Filipino sa iba’t ibang larang.</p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mula sa maunlad na gabay sa ortograpiya, magagamit ng maluwag at tama ang Filipino sa iba’t ibang usapin</p></b></span></li></ul><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b></b></span></p><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Filipino bilang wikang pambansa</span></p></b></b></span><b><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; "></p><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; ">Tagalog – 1935 ; Pilipino – 1959; filipino – 1986</span></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Wika vs dayalek vs idyolek</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Varayti ng filipino ( rehiyunal na varayti at panlipunang varayti-media, isports, relihiyon, etc)</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Usapin sa ispeling</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kadikit nito ang usapin sa alpabetong Filipino.</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Abakadang tagalog 1940 – 20 letra</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>1976 – sinimulan ang serye ng mga pagbabago sa alpabetong Filipino sa pamamagitan ng “Mga Tuntunin sa Ortograpiyang Filipino” ng Surian ng wikang Pambansa.</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><br /></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Mula 20 letra naging 31 (c, ch, f, j,ll, enye, q,rr,v,x,z) at tinawag itong pinagyamang alpabeto</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>1987 – binago ang alpabeto nang ilabas ang “Alpabeto at Patnubay sa Ispeling ng Wikang Filipino” ng Linangan ng mga wika sa Pilipinas. Mula 31 naging 28. tinanggal ang mga digrapo o kambal-katinig na ch,ll,rr dahil may letrang c, h, l, r na. Puwede namang pagtambalin kung kailangan. At tinawag itong pinasimpleng alpabeto.</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>2001 – ipinalabas naman ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino ang “Revisyon sa Alfabeto at Patnubay sa Ispeling”</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">28 letra pa rin – may kontrobersiya dito ngunit ang malaking ambag nito ay ang paghahati ng gamit ng 8 bagong letra.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">F,j,v,z, may ponemikong katangian o isang tunog lamang (faktor,forum, sabjek, volyum, varayti)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>C,enye,q,x<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>na may kinakatawang higit pa sa isang tunog</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ambag ng sentro ng wikang filipino ng UP :tinatalakay ngayon at hango sa pagtatasa sa kasaysayan ng wika. Base sa malawak na konsultasyon ang produkto nito at kasama pa ang mayamang karanasan ng mga editor, manunulat, at eksperto sa wika (Lupon ng NCLT).</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Nagkaroon ng ilang komento ang SWF sa 2001 revisyon sa usapin ng konsistensi at lohikal na panghihiram sa ingles o kastila.</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Estandardizacion naging estandardisasyon o istandardiseysiyon hindi istandardisasyon</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Objetivo naging obhetibo o objectiv hindi obhektibo</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Prioridad naging priyoridad o prayoriti hindi prayoridad</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Sujetivo naging suhetibo o sabjektiv hindi subhektibo</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Ang ganitong kalagayan ay nagpapakita sa realidad na malayo na sa kaalaman ng gumagamit ng wika ang kamalayang espanyol. Dahil dito malayang napagsasama ng gumagamit ang 2 wika.</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Sandaan – 100 ; isang daan – one road</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Dalawandaan – 200 ; dalawang daan – two roads</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Bukang-bibig or bukambibig (p.19:1.39)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kataling-puso o katalimpuso</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Sangang-daan o sangandaan</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Maliban sa “punongkahoy,” “hanapbuhay” na luma at kinagawiang walang gitling</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Nagtatapos sa “ng” na pantig na inuulit – wala itong gitling (tungtong, dingding, tingting)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>May iba naman na nagkaroon ng asimilasyon (bumbong, linlang, pampang)</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Sa pag-uulit naman ng salita may gitling (barong-barong, pulong-pulong, bukong-bukong)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Hiram na salitang nilalapian tulad ng :</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>i-salvage ; i-delete ; mag-email ; mang-snatch ; nag-hot oil ; pang-cable ; pang-jogging; pang-recital</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Makikita dito ang paghiwalay ng hiram na salita sa ating panlapi</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ngunit kapag ginawang pandiwa, hindi maiwasang lagyan ng gitlapi (dinelit, hinat-oyl, inimeyl) makikita dito ang ganap na pagpasok ng hiram na salita sa sistema ng ating pagsulat.</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Pang-abay (adverb) na “din – rin,” “daw – raw”</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Hiwaga raw ; berde rin ; madali raw ; bago rin ; kaakbay raw ; ikaw rin– lahat nagtatapos sa patinig o malapatinig na w/y</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kapag ang naunang salita ay nagtatapos sa pantig na ri, ra, raw, o ray, ang din o daw ay hindi magbabago</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Maaari din ; pari daw ; sari-sari din ; para daw ; marahil magtataka kayo kung bakit may gitling ang sari-sari, dahil may salitang sari – species</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Padamdam – uri ng pangungusap</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Paramdam – pahiwatig</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Madamdamin – puno ng damdamin</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Maramdamin – naapektuhan ang damdamin/sensitive</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Ano-ano hindi anu-ano (p.13:1.23)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Sino-sino hindi sinu-sino</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Pito-pito hindi pitu-pito</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Iba ang kaso ng paruparo/gamugamo dahil walang salitang paru or paro or gamu or gamo</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Tandaan : haluhalo – pagkaing may kinaskas na yelo</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Halo-halo ay magkakasama ang iba-iba</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Salusalo – piging ; salo-salo – magkakasama</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Makauunawa/makakaunawa</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Makagagaling/makakagaling</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Nakatutuwa/nakakatuwa</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Nakaiinis/nakakainis</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Parehong tama</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Magba-brown-out/magbra-brown-out (p.18:1.37)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Magbo-blow-out/magblo-blow-out</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Magko-clone/magklo-clone</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Magdidribol/magdridribol</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Magtatraysikel/magtratraysikel</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mapapansin na tinatanggal ang ikalawang katinig ng klaster.</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Magsha-shampoo/magsa-shampoo</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Magsha-shopping/magsa-shopping</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Matsitsismis/matitsimis</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Matsetsek/matetsek</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Magtsotsokolate/magtotsokolate</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kapag digrapo isama pareho ang dalawang katinig dahil may iisang tunog naman ito</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Magki-crystalize</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Magda-dry-clean</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Karaniwang inuulit ang tunog ng unang katinig</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mag-i-scan</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mag-iiskedyul</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mag-i-slow motion</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mag-i-snow</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mag-i-split</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mag-i-spray : maglagay ng “I”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>kapag nagsisimula sa “s”</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kung ang idinudugtong sa salitang ugat ay panlaping ga, pa, pala, pasa, taga, ma, maka, may, mapa, huwag nang gumamit ng gitling</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Gamunggo; paloob; palautos; pasahimpapawid; tagaluto; makakaliwa; makatao; maysakit</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kapag pangalang pantangi ang salitang ugat gumamit ng gitling</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Pa-Europa; pa-Luneta; taga-UP ; taga-Cebu; maka-Cory; maka-Nora</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Mag-aklas/magaklas</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Pang-ekonomiya/pangekonomiya</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Pang-iisa/pangiisa</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mapang-uyam/mapanguyam</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mag-alis/magalis</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Nag-isa/nagisa</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mahalaga dito ang gitling dahil may <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">mali</st1:place></st1:country-region> sa hitsura ng salita</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">De-kolor ; de-kahon; de-kampanilya; de-kalidad; de-gulong; de-motor</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">May gitling sa paggamit ng de.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kay sigla hindi kay-sigla, kaysigla</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kay ganda hindi kay-ganda, kayganda</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kay husay hindi kay-husay</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kay galing hindi kay-galing</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ang “kay” ay pang-abay (adverb) at hindi panlapi katapat ito ng que sa espanyol, que barbaridad</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kapag ginamit ang pangmaramihang anyo ng pang-uri, maari nang tanggalin ang katagang “mga” sa tinutukoy na panggalan</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Masisigla ang (mga)atleta sa palaro.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Matatalino ang (mga)mag-aaral sa UP.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Mapupula ang (mga) pisngi ng kabataan.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Pero kapag pandiwa dapat may mga</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Naggagandahan ang mga babae.</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Sina Marcos = ang mga Marcos = ang mga kasapi ng pamilya marcos</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ang mga painting/ang paintings hindi ang mga paintings</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ang mga computer/ang computers hindi ang mga computers</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Mga lalaki/tatlong lalaki/kalalakihan hindi tatlong kalalakihan o mga kalalakihan</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Mga babae/pitong babae/kababaihan hindi pitong kababaihan o mga kababaihan</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Pang-akademya/akademiko hindi pang-akademiko</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Pangkultura/kultural hindi pangkultural</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Pampolitika/politikal hindi pampolitikal</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Pang-agrikultura/agrikultural hindi pang-agrikultural</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kapag ginamit naman ang numerikal :</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Isulat ang salitang isa hanggang siyam, 10 na kapag ten.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Isang bata; apat na lalaki; pitong lalawigan; 10 probinsiya</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Tatlo sa 25 mag-aaral ang nakapasa sa bar exams. – walang “na” pagkatapos ng 25</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Tatlo sa 26 na mag-aaral ang nakapasa sa bar exams. – may “na” dahil nagtatapos sa katinig</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Isulat ang ngalan ng numero kapag ginamit sa simula ng pangungusap</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kulang ng asin ang recipe – walang asin</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kulang sa asin ang recipe – dagdagan ng asin</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Mga salitang hiram sa espanyol :</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Estilo/istilo (p.45:3.16)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Estasyon/istasyon</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Estudyante/istudyante</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Estadistika/istadistika</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Espiritu/ispiritu</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Espesyal/ispesyal</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Estrikto/istrikto</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Eskandalo/iskandalo</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Estruktura/istruktura</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Estorbo/istorbo</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Desgrasya/disgrasya</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Pero tama ang diskriminasyon (discriminacion) at hindi descriminasyon.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Disposisyon (disposicion) hindi desposisyon</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Distribusyon(distribucion) hindi destribusyon</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Iskiyerda (isquierda) hindi eskiyerda</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Dito makikita na nagkakaroon ng laya ang gumagamit na bigkasin ang salita kahit hindi niya alam ang pinagmulan kaya nagkakaroon ito ng bagong ispeling ayon sa pagkaunawa at gamit ng gumagamit.</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Politika hindi pulitika(p.46:3.17)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Opisina/upisina</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kombinasyon/kumbinasyon</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Tradisyonal/tradisyunal</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kompleto/kumpleto</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Tornilyo/turnilyo</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kompetisyon/kumpetisyon</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kompetensiya/kumpetensiya</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kompanya/kumpanya</p></span></div></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kontrata hindi kuntrata</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Komersiyal/kumersiyal</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kompone/kumpuni</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Komedya/kumedya</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Koryente/kuryente</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Opisyal/upisyal</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Nasyonal/nasyunal</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Maaring nasanay tayo sa ikalawa.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>May ibang paliwanag pa sa p.46:3.18)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Konsistensi – barayti/varayti bolyum/volyum,</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Sa usaping digrapo, pinapalitan ng “k” ang “ct” (abstrak, adik, impak, korek) (p.58:3.31)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Sa unahan ng pangungusap gamitin ang salita sa numero at huwag ang numerikong simbolo (dalawampu’t walong titik ang bumubuo sa alpabetong Filipino.)(p.62:4.2)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kapag serye naman ng numero mas mainam gamitin ang numeriko (ang edad ng kanyang mga anak ay 27, 24, 44, at 3.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Daglat ng titulo ang gamitin kung buo ang pangalan (Hen. Emilio Aguinaldo)(64:4.9)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Buo ang titulo kung apelyido lang (Heneral Aguinaldo)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Maka +pangalang pantangi, dapat may gitling</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Maka-Filipino; maka-Rizal; maka-Bonifacio</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">May gitling din sa petsa at oras</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ika-3 ng hapon; ika-25 kaarawan ; ala-1/ala-una ; alas-2/alas-dos</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Katwiran – reason – ikinatwiran</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Katuwiran – straightness - <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">mali</st1:place></st1:country-region> ang ikinatuwiran</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Kaganapan – ganap – nagaganap – KA………….AN</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kailan ginagamit ang DI at HINDI?</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>DI – kapag sinusundan ng pang-uri (di maganda)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">HINDI – kapag hindi sinusundan ng pang-uri ( hindi ako, hindi tatakbo, hindi bukas, hindi talaga)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Panatilihin ang orihinal na anyo ng mga salitang mula sa ibang katutubong wika sa Pilipinas (vakul- ivatan word, panakip sa ulo, payyo/payew – ifugao na salita na palayaw ng ifugao, bananu – hudhud na salita para sa hagdan-hagdang palayan)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">Panatilihin din ang orihinal na anyo ng mga hiram na salita mula sa mga banyagang wika ( status quo, pizza pie, bouquet, samurai, french fries)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ang daglat sa araw at buwan ay laging unag tatlong letra (Ene., Peb., Mar., Abr., Mayo., Hun., Hul., Ago.,)</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>dapat<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tandaan na ang estandardisasyon ng wika ay dapat magmula sa gumagamit nito kaalinsabaya ang kakayahan ng lahat na umunawa sa katamaan ng paggamit ng salita.</p></span></div><p></p></b></span></li></ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p><b></b></p><b><p></p></b><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Paglalagom:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p><b></b></p><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Buhay ang wika. Patuloy itong nagbabago. May mga pagkakataon na ang wika ay iba sa kayarian sa gamit nito sa lipunan. Iba ang kayariang pangwika sa gamit ng wika. May mga pagkakataong hindi umaangkop ang kayarian sa gamit. Halimbawa : siya-pantao at pambagay</p></span></div><p></p></b><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Iangat ang kalidad ng wika sa pamamagitan ng pagsasaayos ng mga gamit nito.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p><b></b></p><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "></p><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; display: inline !important; "><o:p> </o:p></p></span></div><p></p></b><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Sanggunian :</span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo26; tab-stops:list .5in"></p><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Zafra, Galileo, S., et.al., Gabay sa <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Ispeling</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">QC</st1:state></st1:place>: Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, 2008.</p></span></div><p></p></b></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><b><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; display: inline !important; ">KWF, Gabay sa Ortograpiyang Filipino., Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino : manila, 2009.</p></span></div></b></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><b><p></p></b></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><b><p></p></b></li></ul><p></p> </span></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal; "></p></div><p></p></b> <p></p></span></div>Filipinohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02513245151856087992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6463393947082674765.post-58492060414609559602010-06-10T21:34:00.000-07:002010-06-10T21:53:25.928-07:00Pormalisasyon ng Wika sa Mass Media<div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK"><br />Pormalisasyon ng Wika sa Mass Media<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"">Christian George C. Francisco, PhD<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="ES" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:ES">De La Salle University-Dasmarinas<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:ES"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:ES">Isang indikasyon na ang Pilipinas ay aktibong nakikilahok sa post-modernong daigdig ay ang lantarang pakikisangkot nito sa mga pangglobal na gawain. </span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">At kung usaping globalisasyon ang nakalatag, awtomatikong kalakip nito ang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">domain</i> ng mass media. Sa puntong ito, nais ko agad baliin ang karaniwang paniniwala ng nakararami na kapag sinabing mass media, ito ay tumutukoy lamang sa mga programa sa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">radyo at telebisyon</b>. Kung susuriin ito sa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">aspektong pansemantika</b>, ang salitang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">media ay plural lamang ng medium</b>. Ibig sabihin, ito ay <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">kagamitan o instrumentong maaaring gamitin tungo sa pagpapadala ng isang mensahe</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Si Rodman (2007) ay hinati sa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">apat na kategorya</b> ang konsepto niya hinggil sa media. Una, ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">print media</b> kung saan nakapaloob ang mga aklat, magasin, diyaryo at iba pang uri ng lathalain. Ikalawa, ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">broadcast media</b> kung saan kabilang ang radyo at telebisyon. Ang ikatlo ay ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">digital media</b> na sumasaklaw sa paggamit ng mga kompyuter o Internet. At ang huli ay ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">entertainment media</b> na nakatuon naman sa mga pelikula, rekording at mga larong pang-video. Sa kabilang dako, ipinaliwanag ni Biagi (2005) na ang media ay itinuturing na <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">pangunahing institusyong panlipunan</b> dahil sa impak na hatid nito sa isang kultura. Ito rin ay nagsisilbing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">repleksyon ng buhay politikal at kultural</b> kung saan kabahagi ang isang pangkat ng lipunan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Kung susuriin natin ang ugnayan ng dalawang kaisipan, ipinapakita lamang nito na tunay na pangunahing instistusyong panlipunan ang mass media dahil mula sa apat na kategoryang inilahad ni Rodman (2007), hindi maitatangging lahat ito ay mga kasalukuyang iniikutan ng pang-araw-araw na buhay ng mga tao sa kasalukuyang panahon. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Pangkalahatang layunin ng papel na ito na maipakita kung papaano maaaring mapormalisa ang wika sa mass media. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:ES">Samantala, ang mga tiyak na layunin naman ay ang sumusunod:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:85.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -49.5pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 85.5pt"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-fareast-font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">matukoy ang papel ng mass media sa pagpapalaganap ng kulturang popular sa Pilipinas; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:85.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -49.5pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 85.5pt"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-fareast-font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">maibalangkas ang proseso kung papaano mapopormalisa ang wika sa mass media; at <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:85.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -49.5pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 85.5pt"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-fareast-font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">makabuo ng isang kongkretong awtput sa anyo ng isang diksyonaryong pang-media. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Sa pag-aaral ng alinmang uri ng media, mahalaga na magkaroon ng kabatiran hinggil sa tinatawag na <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">media literacy</b>. Ito ay tumutukoy sa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">kakayahan ng isang indibidwal na maunawaan at magamit nang mahusay ang isang tiyak na midyum na kanyang nalalaman</b> (Rodman, 2007). Sa sandaling maging malinaw na ito sa kanya, matututuhan din niyang tukuyin at tayain ang epektong dulot ng media sa lipunan at kulturang kanyang kinabibilangan. Sina Wilson & Wilson (2001) ay naglahad ng ilang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">pamantayan upang masabing literado sa media</b> ang isang tao. Una, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">nararapat na alam niya kung sino ang lumikha ng nilalaman ng media na kanyang ginagamit</b>. Ikalawa, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">ano ang layunin ng pagkakalikha nito</b>. Ikatlo, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">ano ang epekto nito sa nakararami</b>. At huli, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">paano ito nag-ebolb hanggang sa kasalukuyang panahon</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Sa kabilang dako, dahil sa likas na masaklaw ang domain ng mass media, bawat indibidwal na tatanggap ng mensahe ay maaari pa ring makalikha ng sari-sarili nilang interpretasyon ukol dito. Sa puntong ito, papasok ngayon ang konsepto ng <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">selektibong pananaw</b>. Ito ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">pananaw kung saan ang iba’t ibang tao ay kakikitaan ng pekulyaridad sa kanilang nasasaisip</b>. Nangyayari ito batay sa sumusunod na komponent: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 1.25in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-fareast-font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">a.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">pamilyang pinagmulan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 1.25in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-fareast-font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">b.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">personal na interes<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.25in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 1.25in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-fareast-font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">c.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">edukasyon<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Bagaman, makikita pa rin natin dito ang dalawang malaking papel ng mass media: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Gatekeepers at Agenda Setters</b>. Ang una ay tumutukoy sa terminong sosyolohikal na binuo ni Kurt Lewin (1974). Inilarawan niya ang media na <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">may kakayahang kontrolin ang anumang impormasyon</b> nais iparating sa mga tao. Dito, ang media ay nagsisilbing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">checkpoints</b> na nagsasala ng mga impormasyon bago pa man ito tuluyang maipaabot sa mga tao. Sa kabilang dako, ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">agenda-setting</b> naman ay tumutukoy sa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">gawi ng media at kakayahan nitong magtakda kung alin isyu ang nararapat na pag-usapan</b>. Nagsisilbi silang tagapag-organisa ng mga paksang usapin na kakagatin ng higit na malaking bilang ng mga tao. Tinukoy naman nina Wilson & Wilson (2001) na ang konsepto ng agenda setting ay walang pinagkaiba sa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">talaan</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">plano</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">balangkas</b> at iba pang kahalintulad na nagbibigay-pansin sa mga bagay na nararapat isaalang-alang. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Sinuportahan ito ng isang pag-aaral ng Veronis Suhler Stevenson Communications Industry Forecast (2003-2007), sa loob ng isang taon, apatnapu’t dalawang porsyento <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">(42%) ang inilalaang oras ng tao gamit ang maraming uri ng midya</b>. Dalawampu’t limang porsyento (25%) naman sa hindi paggamit nito, at ang natitirang tatlumpu’t tatlong porsyento (33%) ay nakalaan sa pagtulog ng tao. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Ngayong malinaw na ang konsepto ng mass media, titingnan naman natin ang kaugnayan nito sa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">kulturang popular</b> na mayroon tayo. Ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">pop culture o tinatawag ding popular culture ay maaaring bigyang kahulugan bilang panlahat na kultura ng isang lipunan</b>. Dahil ito ay tinatanaw sa pangkalahatang aspekto, si Ray Browne na isang iskolar ng kulturang popular ay nagsabing ito ay kinapapalooban ng <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">saloobin, gawi, at kilos; kung paano at bakit natin isinasagawa ang isang bagay; ang mga pagkain at damit na ating isinusuot; ang mga estruktura, kalye at lugar na ating pinupuntahan; entertainment at isports; politika at relihiyon; o alinmang sitwasyon na humuhubog at nagkokontrol sa atin</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Ang lahat ng nabanggit ay isandaang porsyentong naibibigay sa atin ng mass media. Kung kaya, mapapansin na unti-unting napaliliit nito ang daigdig dahil sa pagkakaroon ng bertikalisasyon-nagsisilbing tagapagpatupad ang media at sinusunod naman ito ng nakararami. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:ES">Sa pangyayaring ito nagaganap ang konsepto ng <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">cultural imperialism o imperyalismong kultural</b>. Ito ang unti-unting <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">pagkawala ng mga paniniwala ng isang lipunan</b> dahil sa pagbulusok ng mga bagong pandaigdigang kultura. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Gayon pa man, hindi maiwawaksi sa usapin ng kultura ang wika. Nagsisilbi kasi itong pangunahing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">instrumento ng lipunan tungo sa mobilisasyon ng mga impormasyon</b>. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-ansi-language:ES">Bilang instrumento, maaaring matamo sa pamamagitan nito ang mga <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">instrumental</b> at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">sentimental</b> na pangangailangan ng tao. Ang wika ay behikulo para makisangkot at makibahagi ang tao sa mga gawain ng lipunan upang matamo ang mga pangangailangang ito. Samakatwid, nagpapatunay lamang na napakahalaga ng papel na ginagampanan ng wika sa pang-araw-araw na buhay ng tao. Gamit ang wika, nagagawa ng tao na matugunan ang kanyang mga pangangailangan maging ito man ay pansosyal o pampersonal. </span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Nagiging instrumento ang wika upang makisangkot ang tao sa mga nangyayari sa kanyang paligid. Dahil dito, mahalaga para sa isang tao na maging maalam siya sa kanyang wikang ginagamit upang ito ay magamit niya sa paraang tiyak at planado. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Ang wikang Filipino bilang isang laganap na wika sa industriya ng mass media sa Pilipinas ay kusa nang tinatangkilik dahil sa dami ng nakauunawa at nakaaabot sa wikang ito. Gayon pa man, hindi maitatanggi na marami sa kasalukuyang panahon ang may kakulangan sa kawastuan at kahusayan sa paggamit ng mga teknikal na wikang pang-media. Ang kailanganing ito ay higit na nararapat na bigyang-pansin lalo’t higit, itinuturing na makapangyarihang wika ang Filipino at ang media. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:ES">Ang ugnayan ng dalawang domain na ito ay krusyal sa pagpapalaganap ng wika. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="ES" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:ES">Ang suliranin sa paggamit ng wika sa industriya ng media ay makikita sa mga praktisyoner nito sa kasalukuyan. Ang pagtukoy sa mga suliraning pangwika ay mababatid sa teorya ni Haugen (1987) kaugnay sa Pagpaplanong Pangwika. Ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">pormulasyon</b> ay kailanganin sa pagtukoy ng isang suliraning pangwika na ginagamit ng isang pangkat-wika o speech community. Upang mas pagyamanin naman ito, mahalaga ang papel ng <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">kodipikasyon</b>, ito sa pamamagitan ng paglikha ng mga diksyonaryo o babasahin na tutugon sa mga suliraning pangwika. Ikatlo, ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">elaborasyon</b> ay nagbibigay pahintulot sa materyal na mapalawig ito. Sa huli, ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">implementasyon</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ay mahalaga tungo naman sa mas masaklaw na pagpapagamit ng materyal. </span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Sa paglalahat, tinutungo nito na maiintelektuwalisa at maistandardisa ang isang wika mula sa suliraning nararanasan nito. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Isang mahusay na paraan sa pagpaplanong pangwika ay ang pagdebelop ng isang diksyonaryo dahil natutugunan nito ang mga pangangailangang pangwika. Kung kaya, sa papel na ito, nagtakda ang manunulat na isang proseso sa pagbuo ng diksyonaryong pang-media. Tinatawag na leksikograpiya ang sining ng pagbuo ng diksyonaryo. </span><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"">Ayon kay Zgusta (1971), mayroong iba’t ibang uri at kategorya ang mga diksyonaryo <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">gaya</st1:city></st1:place> ng <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">encyclopedic dictionaries, linguistic dictionaries, diachronic dictionaries, synchronic dictionaries, restricted dictionaries, general dictionaries at monolingual and bilingual dictionaries</b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">. </i>Nagbigay rin siya ng kategorya hinggil sa kung paano ikaklasipika ang mga diksyonaryo. May tinatawag na <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Big, Medium at Small Dictionaries</b>. Ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Big Dictionaries</b> ay nagtataglay ng apat na raang libong salita o higit pa. Ang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Medium Dictionaries</b> naman ay hindi nararapat bumaba sa apatnapung libong bilang ng mga salita. </span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Ang huli ay nararapat na hindi bababa sa apat na libo. Sa kabilang dako, kung ang koleksyon ng mga entri ay mas mababa sa apat na libo, maaari itong tawagin na <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">glosaryo</b> o isang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">ispesyal na diksyonaryo</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Sa kabuuan, labintatlong (13) hakbang ang dinibelop ng mananaliksik kaugnay sa pagbuo ng diksyonaryo: (1) Pangangalap ng Entri, (2) Preliminaryong Pagpili sa mga Entri, (3) Kongkretisasyon ng mga Entri, (4) Pagtutumbas ng Entri sa Filipino, (5) Pagtataya sa Bahagi ng Pananalita, (6) Paglalapat ng mga Kahulugan, (7) Aktwal na Pagsasalin ng mga kahulugan sa TW, (8) Pagbasa sa Salin (9) Unang Rebisyon ng Diksyonaryo, (10) Balidasyon ng mga Eksperto sa Pagsasalin, (11)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ikalawang Rebisyon ng Diksyonaryo, (12) Pagsusulit-basa Gamit ang Voice Recording, (13) Paghahanda ng Pinal na Awtput.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0fvGTL_D0d1MOr32W6zrZD23D2VWRa9oEeoswNW78NYvT0twwmwasXk7O_c-ec8SSCFFL0MYcSzdtP525oDDvdbs7vwJrLQX8THCh52s059F0m5kwpgckaf4z7JClqAD374CoD6ecXtBL/s1600/filipino.JPG"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0fvGTL_D0d1MOr32W6zrZD23D2VWRa9oEeoswNW78NYvT0twwmwasXk7O_c-ec8SSCFFL0MYcSzdtP525oDDvdbs7vwJrLQX8THCh52s059F0m5kwpgckaf4z7JClqAD374CoD6ecXtBL/s320/filipino.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481374301698910914" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"></span></p><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Sa paglalagom, ang pagbuo ng diksyonaryo ay isang mabisang hakbang tungo sa pagpapalawak, pagmomodernisa, gayundin ang maiintelektuwalisa ang isang wika. </span><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"">Sa kaso ng wikang Filipino, maituturing itong isang pagsulong na pasukin ang maimpluwensiyang domain ng mass media. Sa pamamagitan nito, mapopormalisa ang mga teknikal na terminong pang-media na siyang tutulong para maiintelektuwalisa ang wika sa mass media. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK">Bibliograpi</span></b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"">Biagi, S. (2005). An introduction to mass media. <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>: Thompson. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"">Campbell, R. (2003). Media and culture. <st1:country-region st="on">USA</st1:country-region>: <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Bedford</st1:place></st1:city>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">Haugen, E. <u>Blessings of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Babel</st1:city></st1:place>: Bilingualism and Language Planning</u>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:place>:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">Walter. 1987.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"">Rodman, G. (2007). Mass media in a changing world. <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:place>: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua"">Wilson, J. & Wilson R. (2001). Mass media mass culture. <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>: Mc graw hill. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">Zgusta, L. <u>Manual on Lexicography</u>. Czech: Academia. 1971.<o:p></o:p></span></p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua";mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:NO-BOKfont-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p>Filipinohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02513245151856087992noreply@blogger.com0